Order 20 civil procedure code.
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| Order 20 civil procedure code |
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| Order 20 civil procedure code |
ORDER XX
JUDGMENT AND DECREE
[1 (1) On completion of evidence, the Court, shall fix a date,. Not exceeding fifteen days,
for hearing of arguments of parties.
(2) The Court shall, after the case has been heard, pronounce judgment in open Court,
either at once or on some future day not exceeding thirty days, for which due notice shall
be given to the parties or their advocates].
2. A Judge may pronounce a judgment written but not pronounced by his predecessor.
3. The judgment shall be dated and signed by the Judge in open Court at the time of
pronouncing it and, when once signed, shall not afterwards be altered or added to save as
provided by section 152 or on review,
4.(1) Judgements of a Court of Small Causes need not contain more than the points for
determination and the decision thereon.
(2) Judgements of other Courts shall contain a concise statement of the case, the points
for determination, the decision thereon, and the reasons for such decision.
5. In suits in which issues have been framed, the Court shall state its finding or decision,
with the reasons therefor, upon each separate issue, unless the finding upon any one or
more of the issues is sufficient for the decision of the suit.
6.-(1) The decree shall agree with the judgement; it shall contain the number of the suit,
the names and descriptions of the parties, and particulars of the claim, and shall specify
clearly the relief granted or other determination of the suit.
2) The decree shall also state the amount of costs incurred in the suit, and by whom or
out of what property and in what proportions such costs are to be paid.
(3) The Court may direct that the costs payable to one party by the other shall be set-off
against any sum which is admitted or found to be due from the former to the latter.
7. The decree shall bear date the day on which the judgement was pronounced, and, when
the Judge has satisfied himself that the decree has been drawn up in accordance with the
judgement, he shall sign the decree
8. Where a Judge has vacated office after pronouncing judgement but without signing the
decree a decree drawn up in accordance with such judgement may be signed by his
successor or, if the Court has ceased to exist, by the Judge of any Court to which such
Court was subordinate.
9. Where the subject-mater of the suit is immovable property, the decree shall contain a
description of such property sufficient to identify the same, and where such property can
be identified by boundaries or by numbers in a record of settlement or survey, the decree
shall specify such boundaries or numbers.
10. Where the suit is for movable property, and the decree is for the delivery of such
property, the decree shall also state the amount of money to be paid as an alternative if
delivery cannot be had.
11.-(1) Where and in so far as a decree is for the payment of money, the Court may for
any sufficient reason at the time of passing the decree order that payment of the amount
decreed shall be postponed or shall be made by installments, with or without interest,
notwithstanding anything contained in the contract under which the money is payable.
(2) After the passing of any such decree the Court may, on the application of the
judgment-debtor and with the consent of the decree-holders, order that payment of the
amount decreed shall be postponed or shall be made by installments on such terms as to
the payment of interest, the attachment of the property of the judgment-debtor, or the
taking of security from him, or otherwise, as it thinks fit.
12-(1) Where a suit is for the recovery of possession of immovable property and for rent
or mesne profits, the Court may pass a decree-
a) for the possession of the property;
b) for the rent or mesne profits, which have accrued on the property during a period prior
to the institution of the suit or directing an inquiry as to such rent or mesne profits;
c) directing an inquiry as to rent or mesne profits from the institution of the suit until-
i. the delivery of possession to the decree-holder;
ii. the relinquishment of possession by the judgement-debtor with notice to the decree
holder through the Court; or
iii. the expiration of three years from the date of the decree whichever event first occurs.
(2) Where an inquiry is directed under clause(b) or clause (c), a final decree in respect of
the rent or mesne profits shall be passed in accordance with the result of such inquiry.
13.-(1) Where a suit is for an account of any property and for its due administration under
the decree of the Court, the Court shall, before passing the final decree, pass a
preliminary decree, ordering such accounts and inquiries to be taken and made, and
giving such other directions as it thinks fit.
(2) In the administration by the Court of the property of any deceased person, if such
property proves to be insufficient for the payment in full of his debts and liabilities, the
same rules shall be observed as to the respective rights of secured and unsecured creditors
and as to debts and liabilities provable and as to the valuation of annuities and future and
contingent liabilities respectively, as may be in force for the time being, within the local
limits of the Court in which the administration suit is pending with respect to the estates
of persons adjudged or declared insolvent; and all persons who in any such case would be
entitled to be paid out of such property, may come in under the preliminary decree, and
make such claims against the same as they may respectively be entitled to by virtue of
this Code.
14-(1) Where the Court decrees a claim to pre-emption in respect of a particular sale of
property and the purchase-money has not been paid into Court the decree shall-
a) specify a day on or before which the purchase-money shall be so paid, and
b) direct that on payment into Court of such purchase-money, together with the costs(if
any) decreed against the plaintiff, on or before the day referred to in clause(a), the
defendant shall deliver possession of the property to the plaintiff, whose title thereto shall
be deemed to have accrued from the date of such payment, but that, if the purchase-
money and the costs (if any) are not so paid the suit shall be dismissed with costs.
(2) Where the Court has adjudicated upon rival claims to pre-emption, the decree shall
direct,-
a) If and in so far as the claims decreed are equal in decree that the claim of each pre-
emptor complying with the provisions of sub-rule (1) shall take effect in respect of a
proportionate share of the property including any proportionate share in respect of which
the claim of any pre-emptor failing to comply with the said provisions would, but for
such default, have taken effect; and
b) If and in so far as the claims decreed are different in degree, that the claim of the
inferior pre-emptor shall not take effect unless and until the superior pre-emptor has
failed to comply with the said provisions.
15. Where a suit is for the dissolution of a partnership or the taking of partnership
accounts the Court, before passing a final, decree, may pass as preliminary decree
declaring the proportionate shares of the parties, fixing the day on which the partnership
shall stand dissolved or be deemed to have been dissolved, and directing such accounts to
be taken, and other acts to be done, as it thinks fit.
16. In a suit for an account of pecuniary transactions between a principal and an agent,
and in any other suit not herein-before provided for, where it is necessary, in order to
ascertain the amount of money due to or from any party, that an account should be taken,
the Court shall, before passing its final decree, pass a preliminary decree directing such
accounts to be taken as it thinks fit.
17. The Court may either by the decree directing an account to be taken or by any
subsequent order give special directions with regard to the mode in which the account is
to be taken or vouched and in particular may direct that in taking the account the books of
account in which the accounts in question have been kept shall be taken as prima facie
evidence of the truth of the matters therein contained with liberty to the parties interested
to take such objection thereto as they may be advised.
18. Where the Court passes a decree for the partition of property or for the separate
possession of a share therein, then-
1) if and in so far as the decree relates to an estate assessed to the payment of revenue to
the Government, the decree shall declare the rights of the several parties interested in the
property, but shall direct such partition or separation to be made by the Collector, or any
gazetted subordinate of the Collector deputed by him in this behalf, in accordance with
such declaration and with the provisions of section 54;
2) if and in so far as such decree relates to any other immovable property or to movable
property, the Court may, if partition or separation cannot be conveniently made without
further inquiry, pass a preliminary decree declaring the rights of the several parties
interested in the property and giving such further directions as may be required.
19-(1) Where the defendant has been allowed a set-off against the claim of the plaintiff,
the decree shall state what amount is due to the plaintiff and what amount is due to the
defendant, and shall be for the recovery of any sum which appears to be due to either
party.
(2) Any decree passed in a suit in which a set-off is claimed shall be subject to the same
provisions in respect of appeal to which it would have been subject if no set-off had been
claimed.
(3) The provisions of this rule shall apply whether the set-off is admissible under rule 6 of
Order VIII or otherwise.
20. Certified copies of the judgment and decree shall be furnished to the parties on
application to the Court and at their expense.
### Understanding Order 20 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC): Judgment and Decree
In the realm of civil litigation in India, the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) is a cornerstone, providing a comprehensive procedural framework for the adjudication of civil disputes. Within this legal framework, Order 20 specifically addresses the crucial aspects of judgments and decrees, shaping the final outcomes of civil cases.
### **Overview of Order 20 CPC:**
**Title: Judgment and Decree**
Order 20 of the CPC delineates the procedure for the pronouncement of judgments and the issuance of decrees by civil courts. This order is pivotal in the legal process as it determines the rights and liabilities of the parties involved in a civil case.
### **Key Elements of Order 20 CPC:**
1. **Judgment:**
- Order 20 outlines the manner in which a judgment is to be written and pronounced by the court. It emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and the inclusion of the points for determination, decision thereon, and the reasons for the decision.
2. **Decree:**
- A decree is the formal expression of the judgment's decision. Order 20 lays down the essential components of a decree, including the names of the parties, a clear statement of the relief granted or refused, and the specifics regarding costs.
3. **Decree for Money:**
- When a decree involves the payment of money, Order 20 provides details on the interest that may be awarded and the date from which it is to be calculated.
4. **Decree for Possession:**
- In cases where the decree relates to the possession of immovable property, Order 20 delineates the necessary particulars to be included, ensuring clarity on the nature and extent of the relief granted.
### **Procedures and Formalities:**
1. **Recording of Judgment:**
- The judge is required to record the judgment in the open court or pronounce it immediately. The judge may also fix a future date for pronouncing the judgment and communicate it to the parties.
2. **Drafting Decrees:**
- The drafting of decrees is a meticulous process, and Order 20 provides guidelines to ensure that decrees are unambiguous and enforceable. The court has the authority to amend or vary the decree if necessary.
3. **Decree Sheet:**
- The decree is drawn up in a prescribed form, commonly referred to as the decree sheet. This sheet encapsulates the essential details of the court's decision.
### **Enforcement of Decrees:**
Once a decree is passed, it becomes crucial for the successful party to enforce it. Order 20 contains provisions related to the execution of decrees, enabling the winning party to realize the benefits granted by the court.
### **Challenges and Appeals:**
In case either party is dissatisfied with the judgment or decree, Order 20 also outlines the procedures for filing appeals and challenges. This ensures that the legal process allows for review and correction of any perceived errors or injustices.
### **Conclusion:**
Order 20 of the CPC plays a pivotal role in shaping the final outcomes of civil disputes. By providing a structured framework for the pronouncement of judgments and the drafting of decrees, it ensures that the legal process is transparent, enforceable, and just. Understanding the nuances of Order 20 is essential for legal practitioners, litigants, and anyone involved in the Indian civil justice system.
### سول پروسیجر کوڈ (CPC) کے آرڈر 20 کو سمجھنا: فیصلہ اور حکم نامہ
ہندوستان میں دیوانی قانونی چارہ جوئی کے دائرے میں، سول پروسیجر کوڈ (CPC) ایک سنگ بنیاد ہے، جو سول تنازعات کے فیصلے کے لیے ایک جامع طریقہ کار کا فریم ورک فراہم کرتا ہے۔ اس قانونی فریم ورک کے اندر، آرڈر 20 خاص طور پر فیصلوں اور حکمناموں کے اہم پہلوؤں کو حل کرتا ہے، جو دیوانی مقدمات کے حتمی نتائج کو تشکیل دیتا ہے۔
### **آرڈر 20 CPC کا جائزہ:**
**عنوان: فیصلہ اور حکم**
سی پی سی کا آرڈر 20 سول عدالتوں کی طرف سے فیصلوں کے اعلان اور حکم نامے کے اجراء کے طریقہ کار کو بیان کرتا ہے۔ یہ حکم قانونی عمل میں اہم ہے کیونکہ یہ دیوانی مقدمے میں شامل فریقین کے حقوق اور ذمہ داریوں کا تعین کرتا ہے۔
### **آرڈر 20 CPC کے اہم عناصر:**
1. **فیصلہ:**
- آرڈر 20 اس طریقے کا خاکہ پیش کرتا ہے جس میں عدالت کے ذریعہ فیصلہ لکھا اور سنایا جانا ہے۔ یہ وضاحت، اختصار، اور تعین کے لیے نکات کو شامل کرنے، اس پر فیصلہ کرنے، اور فیصلے کی وجوہات پر زور دیتا ہے۔
2. **فرمان:**
- ایک حکم نامہ فیصلے کے فیصلے کا رسمی اظہار ہے۔ آرڈر 20 ایک حکم نامے کے ضروری اجزاء کو بیان کرتا ہے، بشمول فریقین کے نام، دی گئی امداد یا انکار کا واضح بیان، اور اخراجات سے متعلق تفصیلات۔
3. **ڈیکری فار منی:**
- جب کسی حکم نامے میں رقم کی ادائیگی شامل ہوتی ہے، تو آرڈر 20 اس سود کی تفصیلات فراہم کرتا ہے جو دیا جا سکتا ہے اور جس تاریخ سے اس کا حساب لیا جانا ہے۔
4. **قبضے کا حکم:**
- ایسے معاملات میں جہاں حکم نامے کا تعلق غیر منقولہ جائیداد کے قبضے سے ہے، آرڈر 20 میں شامل کیے جانے والے ضروری تفصیلات کی وضاحت کی گئی ہے، اس بات کو یقینی بناتے ہوئے کہ ریلیف کی نوعیت اور حد تک واضح کیا جائے۔
### **طریقہ کار اور طریقہ کار:**
1. **فیصلے کی ریکارڈنگ:**
- جج کو کھلی عدالت میں فیصلہ ریکارڈ کرنے یا فوری طور پر سنانے کی ضرورت ہے۔ جج فیصلہ سنانے کے لیے مستقبل کی تاریخ بھی طے کر سکتا ہے اور اسے فریقین تک پہنچا سکتا ہے۔
2. **حکموں کا مسودہ:**
- حکمناموں کا مسودہ تیار کرنا ایک پیچیدہ عمل ہے، اور آرڈر 20 اس بات کو یقینی بنانے کے لیے رہنما خطوط فراہم کرتا ہے کہ حکمنامے غیر مبہم اور قابل نفاذ ہیں۔ عدالت کو اختیار ہے کہ اگر ضروری ہو تو حکم نامے میں ترمیم یا تبدیلی کر سکتی ہے۔
3. **فرمانبرداری:**
- فرمان ایک مقررہ شکل میں تیار کیا جاتا ہے، جسے عام طور پر حکم نامے کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے۔ یہ پرچہ عدالت کے فیصلے کی ضروری تفصیلات کو سمیٹتا ہے۔
### **حکموں کا نفاذ:**
ایک بار جب کوئی حکم نامہ منظور ہو جاتا ہے، تو کامیاب پارٹی کے لیے اسے نافذ کرنا بہت ضروری ہو جاتا ہے۔ آرڈر 20 میں حکم ناموں پر عمل درآمد سے متعلق دفعات شامل ہیں، جس سے جیتنے والے فریق کو عدالت کی طرف سے دیے گئے فوائد کا ادراک ہوتا ہے۔
### **چیلنجز اور اپیلیں:**
اگر کوئی بھی فریق فیصلے یا حکم نامے سے مطمئن نہیں ہے، تو آرڈر 20 اپیلوں اور چیلنجز دائر کرنے کے طریقہ کار کو بھی بیان کرتا ہے۔ یہ یقینی بناتا ہے کہ قانونی عمل کسی بھی سمجھی جانے والی غلطیوں یا ناانصافیوں کا جائزہ لینے اور ان کی اصلاح کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔
### **نتیجہ:**
سی پی سی کا آرڈر 20 سول تنازعات کے حتمی نتائج کی تشکیل میں اہم کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ فیصلوں کے اعلان اور حکمناموں کے مسودے کے لیے ایک منظم فریم ورک فراہم کرکے، یہ یقینی بناتا ہے کہ قانونی عمل شفاف، قابل نفاذ اور منصفانہ ہو۔ آرڈر 20 کی باریکیوں کو سمجھنا قانونی ماہرین، قانونی چارہ جوئی اور ہندوستانی سول انصاف کے نظام میں شامل ہر فرد کے لیے ضروری ہے۔
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