Qanuni Amdad urdu

International court of justice  The International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Established in 1945, the ICJ plays a crucial role in settling legal disputes between states and providing advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the General Assembly, the Security Council, or other UN organs and specialized agencies. **Composition and Jurisdiction:** The ICJ is composed of 15 judges, elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council for nine-year terms. The court's jurisdiction extends to contentious cases between states, advisory proceedings, and the interpretation of international agreements. States willingly submit themselves to the ICJ's jurisdiction, and its decisions are binding on the parties involved. **Judicial Process:** The court follows a structured judicial process. Cases typically begin with the filing of an application by one state against another. The parties presen

Section 48 49 ppc Section 148 and 149 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) are crucial components that address the offenses of rioting and unlawful assembly, aiming to maintain public order and prevent the escalation of civil disturbances. Let's delve into these sections to understand their provisions and implications. ### Section 148 - Rioting, armed with deadly weapon: Section 148 of the PPC deals with the offense of rioting, especially when individuals engage in tumultuous or violent conduct while armed with deadly weapons. The section states that if five or more persons assemble for the common purpose of committing an offense or engaging in violence, and any one of them is armed with a deadly weapon, they can be charged under this provision. The punishment for such an offense is imprisonment for a term that may extend to three years, or with a fine, or both. Additionally, if the act is committed with a deadly weapon, the imprisonment can be extended to seven years. This section is