Qanuni Amdad urdu

**Understanding Canadian Criminal Law** Canada, like many other nations, has a well-established legal framework to address criminal offenses. Its criminal law system is based on both statutory law (laws enacted by the federal Parliament) and common law (laws established through court decisions). Understanding Canadian criminal law entails grasping its fundamental principles, key statutes, and the processes involved in administering justice. **Principles of Canadian Criminal Law:** 1. **Presumption of Innocence:** One of the cornerstones of Canadian criminal law is the presumption of innocence. Individuals accused of crimes are considered innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This principle places the burden of proof on the prosecution to demonstrate the accused's guilt. 2. **Burden of Proof:** As per the principle of 'beyond a reasonable doubt,' the prosecution must present evidence convincing enough to remove any reasonable doubt of the accused's guil

Surah baqra  **Understanding Qisas: The Islamic Principle of Retribution** Qisas, an Arabic term meaning "retaliation" or "retribution," is a principle deeply rooted in Islamic law. It outlines the concept of proportional punishment for crimes committed against individuals or their property. The concept of Qisas is derived from the Quran and the Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad), forming a significant aspect of Islamic jurisprudence. ### Origins and Foundations: The Quranic basis for Qisas is found in multiple verses, including Surah Al-Baqarah (2:178-179) and Surah Al-Maidah (5:45). These verses emphasize the principle of equality in justice, prescribing the law of Qisas as a means to maintain societal order and deterrence. Moreover, the Hadith literature provides further elaboration on the application of Qisas in various contexts. ### Application in Islamic Law: Qisas primarily applies to cases involving bodily harm or loss of life, such as murder,