Copyright meaning | intellectual property Government to constitute Copyright Board as required under S. 45 of the Copyright

Copyright aims to strike a balance between encouraging creativity and ensuring the public has reasonable access to the products of that creativity.Copyright is a legal concept that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited time, with the intention of enabling the creator to receive compensation for their intellectual investment. This protection is granted to a variety of creative works, such as literary, artistic, and musical creations.

Key aspects of copyright include:

1. **Exclusive Rights:** The copyright holder has the exclusive right to reproduce, distribute, perform, and display the work. Others generally need permission to use the copyrighted material.

2. **Limited Duration:** Copyright protection is not indefinite. The duration varies by jurisdiction but typically lasts for the lifetime of the creator plus a set number of years.

3. **Original Works:** Copyright applies to original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium, such as books, music recordings, paintings, and software.

4. **Exceptions:** Some uses of copyrighted material may be allowed under the doctrine of "fair use" or similar exceptions, allowing limited use for purposes like criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.

Copyright aims to strike a balance between encouraging creativity and ensuring the public has reasonable access to the products of that creatiurdu

Copyrights meaning in urdu

کاپی رائٹ کا مقصد تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کی حوصلہ افزائی کرنے اور اس تخلیقی صلاحیت کی مصنوعات تک عوام کی معقول رسائی کو یقینی بنانے کے درمیان توازن قائم کرنا ہے۔ کاپی رائٹ ایک قانونی تصور ہے جو اصل کام کے تخلیق کار کو اس کے استعمال اور تقسیم کے خصوصی حقوق دیتا ہے، عام طور پر محدود وقت کے لیے، تخلیق کار کو ان کی فکری سرمایہ کاری کا معاوضہ حاصل کرنے کے قابل بنانے کے ارادے سے۔ یہ تحفظ مختلف تخلیقی کاموں، جیسے ادبی، فنکارانہ اور موسیقی کی تخلیقات کو دیا جاتا ہے۔ کاپی رائٹ کے اہم پہلوؤں میں شامل ہیں:

. **خصوصی حقوق:** کاپی رائٹ کے حامل کو کام کو دوبارہ پیش کرنے، تقسیم کرنے، انجام دینے اور ڈسپلے کرنے کا خصوصی حق حاصل ہے۔ دوسروں کو عام طور پر کاپی رائٹ شدہ مواد استعمال کرنے کے لیے اجازت درکار ہوتی ہے۔

. **محدود دورانیہ:** کاپی رائٹ کا تحفظ غیر معینہ مدت تک نہیں ہے۔ مدت دائرہ اختیار کے لحاظ سے مختلف ہوتی ہے لیکن عام طور پر تخلیق کار کی زندگی بھر کے علاوہ سالوں کی ایک مقررہ تعداد تک رہتی ہے۔

. **اصلی کام:** کاپی رائٹ کا اطلاق تصنیف کے اصل کاموں پر ہوتا ہے جو ٹھوس میڈیم میں طے شدہ ہیں، جیسے کہ کتابیں، موسیقی کی ریکارڈنگ، پینٹنگز اور سافٹ ویئر۔

. **استثنیات:** کاپی رائٹ شدہ مواد کے کچھ استعمال کی اجازت "منصفانہ استعمال" کے نظریے کے تحت یا اسی طرح کی مستثنیات کے تحت دی جا سکتی ہے، جو تنقید، تبصرے، خبروں کی رپورٹنگ، تدریس، اسکالرشپ، یا تحقیق جیسے مقاصد کے لیے محدود استعمال کی اجازت دیتی ہے۔ کاپی رائٹ کا مقصد تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کی حوصلہ افزائی اور عوام کو اس تخلیقی صلاحیت کی مصنوعات تک معقول رسائی کو یقینی بنانے کے درمیان توازن قائم کرنا ہے۔

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce. Intellectual property is protected by law through patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, which enable creators or owners to control the use of their creations or inventions.

Intellectual property meaning

The main types of intellectual property are:

1. **Patents:** Protect inventions and discoveries, granting the inventor exclusive rights to use, make, and sell the invention for a limited period.

2. **Copyright:** Protects original works of authorship, such as books, music, and art, giving the creator exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, and display the work.

3. **Trademarks:** Protect distinctive signs or symbols used to identify and distinguish goods or services in the marketplace, providing brand recognition and preventing consumer confusion.

4. **Trade Secrets:** Protect confidential business information and practices that give a business a competitive advantage.

5. **Industrial Designs:** Protect the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian, often applied to products like furniture or packaging.

Effective protection of intellectual property is crucial for fostering innovation and creativity, as it encourages individuals and organizations to invest time and resources in developing new ideas and products.

انٹلیکچوئل پراپرٹی (IP) سے مراد ذہن کی تخلیقات ہیں، جیسے ایجادات، ادبی اور فنکارانہ کام، ڈیزائن، علامتیں، نام، اور تجارت میں استعمال ہونے والی تصاویر۔ دانشورانہ املاک کو پیٹنٹ، کاپی رائٹس، ٹریڈ مارکس، اور تجارتی رازوں کے ذریعے قانون کے ذریعے محفوظ کیا جاتا ہے، جو تخلیق کاروں یا مالکان کو اپنی تخلیقات یا ایجادات کے استعمال کو کنٹرول کرنے کے قابل بناتے ہیں۔ دانشورانہ املاک کی اہم اقسام ہیں:

**پیٹنٹ:** ایجادات اور دریافتوں کی حفاظت کریں، موجد کو ایک محدود مدت کے لیے ایجاد کو استعمال کرنے، بنانے اور بیچنے کے خصوصی حقوق فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ 2

. **کاپی رائٹ:** تصنیف کے اصل کاموں کی حفاظت کرتا ہے، جیسے کتابیں، موسیقی اور آرٹ، تخلیق کار کو کام کو دوبارہ پیش کرنے، تقسیم کرنے اور ڈسپلے کرنے کے خصوصی حقوق دیتا ہے۔ 3

. **ٹریڈ مارکس:** مخصوص علامات یا علامتوں کی حفاظت کریں جو بازار میں اشیا یا خدمات کی شناخت اور فرق کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتے ہیں، برانڈ کی شناخت فراہم کرتے ہیں اور صارفین کی الجھن کو روکتے ہیں۔

4. **تجارتی راز:** خفیہ کاروباری معلومات اور طرز عمل کی حفاظت کریں جو کاروبار کو مسابقتی فائدہ دیتے ہیں۔

5. **صنعتی ڈیزائن:** اشیاء کے بصری ڈیزائن کی حفاظت کریں جو خالصتاً مفید نہیں ہیں، جو اکثر فرنیچر یا پیکیجنگ جیسی مصنوعات پر لاگو ہوتے ہیں۔ جدت طرازی اور تخلیقی صلاحیتوں کو فروغ دینے کے لیے املاک دانش کا مؤثر تحفظ بہت ضروری ہے، کیونکہ یہ افراد اور تنظیموں کو نئے خیالات اور مصنوعات تیار کرنے میں وقت اور وسائل کی سرمایہ کاری کرنے کی ترغیب دیتا ہے۔

Copy right se murad kisi musanaf publisher, takhliq qaar ki takhleeq ko

Iss ki ijazat ke bghair publish karna hai. Copy right ka qanoon pori world main nafaz hai. Agar koi banda aap ka

Brand ya art ka nam istaamal kar raha hai tu aap us ke khalaf copy right ordinance 1962 ke tehat FIR daraj karwa sakte hain jiss ki saza 3 saal qaid jurmana ya dono sazain hu saktien hain.

2021 C L D 33

[Lahore]

Before Jawad Hassan, J

Dr. NADEEM KIANI---Petitioner

Versus

FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN and others---Respondents

Writ Petition No. 9629 of 2019, decided on 11th November, 2020.

(a) Copyright Ordinance (XXXIV of 1962)---

----S. 45---Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 37---Petitioner sought direction to the

Following writ petition main petitioner ne right manga hai ke copy Right ordinance,1962 ke section 45 ke tehat Government copyright board tashkil dena chahye ju ke appeal main faisla sune against registrar of copyright.

Petitioner ne argue kia ke yeh fundamental right hai jesa ke mutalqa qanoon main wazia hai ke registrar ke faisle ke khalaf Appeal Board of copyright sune ga

Next argue

substantive right and denial of such substantive right was against the dictates of Art. 37(d) of

the Constitution

After hearing the argument High court order the Government to

Observation of High court

Ordinance, in which the word "shall" has been used for the purpose of constitution of the

Board. However, it is made clear that the whole exercise with regard to appointment of the

Chairman will be completed within one month in light of the aforesaid directive of the

NJPMC and once the Board is constituted, the Petitioner may immediately file an appeal as

provided under section 76 of the Ordinance, which will be decided by the Board within the

time frame stipulated under the Ordinance. The intervening period of about two years in

filing of appeal by the Petitioner will not be considered as an impediment and will not be

considered while calculating limitation period for filing the appeal under section 76 of the

12. With the above observations, this writ petition is disposed of.

SA/N-28/L Order accordingly.

Federal

Government to constitute Copyright Board as required under S. 45 of the Copyright

Ordinance, 1962 in order to safeguard his right of appeal against the order passed by

Registrar of Copyrights---Validity---Right of appeal, when provided under the law, was a

substantive right and denial of such substantive right was against the dictates of Art. 37(d) of

the Constitution which mandated that the State would ensure provision of inexpensive and

expeditious justice to the people---Appeal was not merely a formality but a substantive tool

of re-examination of a higher pedestal to either rectify and correct any probable error or

application of law in the orders passed by the lower forum or to endorse the same being right

and thus further enhance its credibility---High Court directed the Federal Government to take

up the matter regarding appointment of the Chairman of the Copyright Board on priority

basis---Constitutional petition was disposed of accordingly.

Presson-Descon International (Private) Limited and others v. Joint Registrar of Companies

PLD 2020 Lah. 869 = 2020 CLD 1128 ref.

Ghulam Qadir and others v. Sh. Abdul Wadood and others PLD 2016 SC 712 and Ovex

Technologies (Private) Limited v. PCM PK (Private) Limited and others PLD 2020 Isl. 52

rel.

(b) Constitution of Pakistan---

----Art. 4--- Right of individuals to be dealt with in accordance with law---Scope---Every

citizen of the country has a right of access to justice and dispensation of justice in a timely

fashion---Every citizen had an inalienable right to enjoy protection of law and to be treated in

accordance with law and no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body reputation or property

of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law.

Watan Party and another v. Federation of Pakistan and others PLD 2011 SC 997 rel.

----Art. 5---Loyalty to State and obedience to Constitution and law---Scope---Obedience to

the Constitution and law is inviolable and it is the duty of the State to obey the laws.

Muhammad Saqlain Arshad assisted by Syed Faisal G. Meeran for Petitioner.

Ms. Sadia Malik, Assistant Attorney General along with Ali Nawaz Channa, Deputy

Director, Ministry of Commerce, Islamabad, Dr. Rizwan Basharat, Incharge, IPO, Regional

Office, Lahore and Tajammul Haider, Assistant Registrar, Trade Mark, IPO, Lahore for

Federation of Pakistan.

Mian Sultan Tanvir Ahmad, Advocate Supreme Court assisted by Usman Ali Cheema,

Muazzam Akram and Hafiz Mubashar Ullah for Respondent No. 4.

ORDER

JAWAD HASSAN, J.---This writ petition was filed back in 2019 with the prayer that the

Federal Government through the Ministry of Commerce be directed to constitute Copyright

Board as required under section 45 of the Copyright Ordinance, 1962 (the "Ordinance") in

order to safeguard the fundamental rights of the Petitioner.

2. Mr. Muhammad Saqlain Arshad, Advocate argued that after effecting divorce between the

Petitioner and the Respondent No.4, litigation was started by them regarding intellectual

property rights (the "IPR") of the Respondent No.5/American Lycetuff (Private) Limited. He

explains that the Respondent No.4 moved an application for correction of record on Form-III

before the Respondent No.3, who, after hearing the parties, decide the issue regarding

correction of entries in the Register of Copyrights as per section 41(1) of the Ordinance by

holding that copyright of the American Lycetuff Junior and Upper School stand vested and

belongs to the Respondent No.4/Ms. Zeeshan Zia Raja, which order ought to have been

challenged by the Petitioner in appeal as provided under section 76 of the Ordinance before

the Copyright Board which is not yet constituted and functional at the moment, hence, this

petition.

3. On 21st of December, 2019, reply was filed on behalf of the Respondent No.4 who denied

most of the averments made by the Petitioner in the titled writ petition. In the reply, the

Respondent No.4 categorically stated that as per the provisions of section 76 of the Ordinance

the remedy of appeal is provided and only an aggrieved person can file an appeal before the

maintainable and liable to be dismissed.

4. Arguments heard. Record perused.

5. First of all, it would be advantageous to reproduce hereunder section 45 of the Ordinance

for ease of the matter and ready reference:-

"45. Copyright Board.---(I) The Central Government shall constitute a Board to be called the

(i) a Chairman appointed by the Central Government;

(ii) not less than three and not more than five other members appointed by the Central

Government after consultation with the representative bodies of authors, publishers,

cinematograph industry and any other interest relating to copyright.

Provided that adequate representation on the Board shall, as far as possible, be given to the

resident of each Province; and

(iii) the Registrar, ex-officio.

(2) The members, including the Chairman of the Board, other than the ex-officio member,

shall hold office for such period and on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed.

The Chairman shall be a person who is, or has been a Judge of a High Court, or is qualified

for appointment as such Judge."

6. The basic issue, in this case, is arising out of order dated 07th of August, 2018, passed by

the Registrar of Copyrights, Lahore/Respondent No.3 amending/altering the Register of

Copyrights and indexes by exercising his powers under section 41(1) of the Ordinance.

Suffice to observe here that against the aforesaid order of the Respondent No.3 only remedy

available to the Petitioner is by way of filing an appeal before the Copyright Board within a

period of three months from the date of the said order as provided in section 76 of the

Ordinance. The Board is defined in subsection (e) of section 2 of the Ordinance, which means

the Copyright Board constituted under section 45 of the Ordinance. The powers and

procedure of the Board are specified in section 46 of the Ordinance. It can be safely drawn

from the afore-quoted provisions of section 45 of the Ordinance that the Federal Government

is under legal obligation to appoint Chairman of the Board but despite lapse of more than two

years, the Chairman has not been appointed due to which the Board, a statutory appellate

forum against the orders passed by Respondent No. 3, is not yet functional to entertain the

appeal of the petitioner and thus petitioner is prevented from seeking his remedy available

under the law. The Right of appeal, when provided under the law, is a substantive right and

denial of such substantive right is against the dictates of Article 37(d) of the Constitution of

Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, which mandates that State shall ensure provision of

inexpensive and expeditious justice to the people. However, justice is served and

administered through the system of Courts or quasi-judicial forums which are formed under

the Constitution and the laws to dispense justice in accordance with law. Accordingly, justice

being a relative term in its distributive and retributive aspects can comprehensively be

summed up as mode of giving to or declaring for someone, his due as determined by the law.

The Courts and quasi-judicial bodies are adjudicator under the law to resolve disputes

between the parties who are at odds and agree to disagree. Therefore, in this case, the right of

the Petitioner is denied because section 76 of the Copyright Ordinance, 1962 provides that

any person aggrieved by any final decision or order of the Registrar may, within three months

from the date of his decision or order, file appeal to the Board, which is constituted in

accordance with Section 45 of the Ordinance. An appeal is not mere a formality but a

substantive tool of re-examination by a higher pedestal to either rectify and correct any

probable error or application of law in the orders passed by the lower forum or to endorse the

same being right and correct and thus further enhance its credibility.

7. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in "Ghulam Qadir and others v. Sh. Abdul Wadood and

others" (PLD 2016 Supreme Court 712) has elaborated the scope of appeal and powers of an

appellant forum by observing that "An appeal is the recourse adopted by a person to a

superior court vested with the jurisdiction to reconsider a decision of a subordinate court,

with the aim of attaining a reversal/modification of such decision. An appeal is not merely a

matter of procedure but a substantive right. It is the continuation of a suit and during

appellate proceedings the entire matter stands reopened. The jurisdiction of an appellate court

whilst passing the judgment/order under appeal."

Similarly the Islamabad High Court in "Ovex Technologies (Private) Limited v. PCM PK

(Private) Limited and others" (PLD 2020 Islamabad 52) also reiterated the similar principle

by holding that: "It is well settled that an appeal is a continuation of the original suit and the

Appellate Court has ample power to scrutinize the documents on the record in the light of the

arguments advanced by the contesting parties. An Appellate Court while hearing an appeal

against an order/judgment or a decree of a Trial Court exercises the same jurisdiction which

is vested in the Trial Court. In an appeal, the lis becomes open and the Appellate Court can

do all that the original Court could do."

8. It is noted with great dismay that despite appropriate legislation/mechanism provided

under the Ordinance read with the Copyright Rules, 1967 (the "Rules"), the relevant

Governmental Authority/Department is not taking any steps for filling vacant post of the

Chairman lying at the Board, which is not only against the mandate of Article 37(d) of the

Constitution, holding in unequivocal terms that it is the utmost duty of the State to ensure

inexpensive as well as expeditious justice, but also against the directive of the National

Judicial (Policy Making) Committee (the "NJPMC"). In its meeting held on 29th of February,

2020, under the Chairmanship of the Hon'ble Chief Justice of Pakistan, the NJPMC has

observed that in order to provide speedy and expeditious justice to the deserving litigants, it is

essential that vacancies in all the cadres of Judiciary, Administrative Tribunals, Boards and

Special Courts be immediately filled for clearance of the backlog so that speedy justice may

be dispensed with so faith of the litigants on judicial system is not let down. Under the rule of

law every citizen of this country has a right of access to justice and dispensation of justice in

a timely fashion. According to the provisions of Article 4 of the Constitution, it is an

inalienable right of every citizen to enjoy the protection of law and to be treated in

accordance with law (the Ordinance and the Rules) and no action detrimental to the life,

liberty, body, reputation or PROPERTY of any person shall be taken except in accordance

with law. In the judgment reported as "Watan Party and another v. Federation of Pakistan,

and others" (PLD 2011 SC 997), the Hon'ble Full Bench of the apex Court of the Country has

held that "Article 4 thereof remained fully operative, which laid down that to enjoy the

protection of law and to be treated in accordance with law is the inalienable right of every

citizen, wherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Pakistan and

in particular no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any

person would be taken except in accordance with law", Under Article 5(2) of the Constitution

obedience to the Constitution and law (the Ordinance and the Rules) is inviolable and it is the

duty of the State to obey the laws.

9. Needless to mention that the Universal Declaration of Rights drafted in the year 1948 also

gave universal recognition to the right of 'access to justice' in the following manner:

Art. 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for

acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the Constitution or by law.

Art. 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent

and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations, and of any criminal

charge against him.

10. In this case, the only issue between the parties is regarding the Intellectual Property

Rights. Recently, this Court in the case of "Presson-Descon International (Private) Limited

and others v. Joint Registrar of Companies" (PLD 2020 Lahore 869) + (2020 CLD 1128) has

defined in detail the intellectual property and its valuation. However, in present petition, the

absence of the relevant appellate forum i.e. the Board, the Petitioner's rights to file appeal

against the order passed by Respondent No.3, are being infringed due to non functioning of

Board.

11. In view of what has been discussed above, this Court, while exercising powers under

Article 199 of the Constitution, directs the Secretary, Ministry of Commerce,

Islamabad/Respondent No.1 to take up the matter regarding appointment of the Chairman of

the Board with the high-ups on priority basis as per the mandate of section 45 of the